Former FHA commissioner: It’s time to rethink financing options in a changing multifamily market

Reforms have made FHA financing an increasingly compelling option for long-term multifamily owners
Exclusive

Former FHA commissioner: It’s time to rethink financing options in a changing multifamily market

Reforms have made FHA financing an increasingly compelling option for long-term multifamily owners
Exclusive

Commercial real estate has always rewarded adaptability. When markets shift, financing strategies must shift with them. Today, multifamily owners and developers are operating in an environment far removed from the era of abundant liquidity and historically low interest rates.

The questions have changed. Borrowers are no longer simply looking for the lowest-cost capital. They are asking how to maximize loan proceeds, preserve flexibility and secure long-term financing they can rely on through changing market cycles.

That makes this an important moment to reconsider financing through the Federal Housing Administration (FHA).

Advertisement

The mission of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has not changed, but the market has — and FHA has evolved with it. Recent reforms have lowered costs, streamlined execution and strengthened its position as a dependable source of capital at a time when certainty has become one of commercial real estate’s most valuable assets. Many of the industry’s longstanding assumptions about FHA no longer reflect the program as it operates today.

For borrowers willing to revisit those assumptions, the opportunity goes well beyond a reduced mortgage insurance premium or a more efficient approval process. Policy reforms matter only when they improve the economics of a transaction. Developers do not finance projects because a policy sounds promising. They move forward when the numbers work.

That is where FHA has become increasingly competitive — and why owners and developers who have not considered the platform in recent years should take another look.

Changing the equation

For years, the first thing people talked about was the process. Borrowers associated the FHA platform with additional paperwork, longer timelines and requirements that made conventional financing the easier path whenever it was available. Those perceptions did not emerge without reason, but they also fail to capture how much the platform has evolved. 

One of the most significant changes came with the decision to reduce the multifamily mortgage insurance premium across all FHA-insured multifamily programs. Reducing that premium to the statutory minimum of 25 basis points lowered the cost of capital. In today’s market, every basis point matters. 

Developers are looking harder than ever before at project economics, and relatively small financing savings can make the difference between moving forward and going back to the drawing board.

Rethinking execution

Cost matters. But if you can’t get the deal closed, cost isn’t the issue. Execution is. 

For many owners, the decision to pursue conventional financing instead of FHA was traditionally driven less by economics than by the perception that the process would be slower and less predictable. In a market where timing can determine whether a transaction closes, certainty of execution has always been one of the biggest questions surrounding FHA financing.

That’s no longer the whole story. In recent years, FHA has prioritized becoming a more responsive partner for the multifamily industry without compromising underwriting discipline. The objective was to identify quality transactions earlier and give developers greater confidence that well-conceived projects could move successfully through the process.

The emerging mindset can be described as “responsibly getting to yes” — not by relaxing standards, but by early identification and resolution of material risks. The agency‘s responsibility is to protect taxpayers while supporting housing production. Those two objectives aren’t in conflict when transactions are well underwritten. 

That also changes the conversation among borrowers, FHA lenders and HUD reviewers. FHA career staff are not looking for flawless deals. They are looking for transactions where risks have been identified, addressed and supported by credible mitigation strategies. When potential issues are acknowledged upfront instead of surfacing late in the review process, the conversation becomes more productive, and the path to closing often becomes more predictable.

A common misconception

Changing perceptions also means challenging one of the industry‘s most persistent misconceptions: that FHA financing is primarily intended for affordable housing.

While FHA has long played an essential role in affordable housing, much of its multifamily business supports market-rate apartment communities. With the mortgage insurance premium now reduced to 25 basis points across both market-rate and affordable multifamily programs, the distinction has become less important from a financing perspective than many owners assume. 

Developers holding stabilized market-rate assets for the long term may find that a Section 223(f) refinance execution offers advantages that conventional financing cannot easily match. This might include fixed-rate, fully amortizing debt that supports a long-term investment strategy rather than a future refinancing decision.

That long-game perspective matters in today’s market. When interest rates are volatile and refinancing assumptions can change quickly, providing financing that allows owners to focus on operating the asset rather than continually repositioning the capital stack carries added value. More developers are beginning to recognize that certainty itself has become an investment advantage. The agency’s role is not simply to provide debt, but to provide dependable debt through changing market cycles.

Many borrowers eliminate FHA from consideration before they understand what the financing actually looks like. Today’s lending environment rewards borrowers willing to revisit those assumptions before deciding which financing path best supports their long-term investment strategy.

Looking ahead

So, what comes next? Expect FHA to keep moving in the same direction, toward faster execution and broader applicability across more types of multifamily projects. 

Developers need to know the capital will be there when they’re ready to build. FHA has traditionally served as a consistent source of liquidity through changing market cycles, and that role is becoming even more important as capital markets continue to fluctuate.

An emerging strategy is to use the Section 223(f) program to refinance an eligible property into long-term FHA financing and, once an FHA-insured first mortgage is in place, evaluate a Section 241(a) supplemental loan for qualifying additions or improvements. In appropriate circumstances, that structure can help an owner add units or make significant capital improvements without replacing the property’s long-term first mortgage.

The agency will likely play a larger role in product types that are becoming essential to meeting the nation’s housing needs. Manufactured and modular housing have attracted renewed attention as policymakers look for faster, more cost-effective ways to increase supply. Recent legislative changes and forthcoming HUD guidance could make these construction methods more compatible with FHA multifamily financing, particularly for projects financed under Section 221(d)(4). Similarly, build-to-rent communities represent an area where additional guidance could open the door to broader FHA participation as the asset class continues to mature.

Every financing source has its strengths, and FHA won’t be the right solution for every transaction. But today’s lending environment calls for a different set of questions than the market was asking just a few years ago. For developers focused on long-term ownership, stable execution and dependable access to capital, FHA deserves to be part of that conversation. The biggest opportunity may not be a new loan program or another policy announcement. It may simply be taking a fresh look at a financing platform that has changed more than many people realize.

Author

  • Frank Cassidy is a senior managing director of FHA finance and production at Walker & Dunlop. In this role, he is responsible for advising owners, developers, investors, healthcare operators and affordable housing sponsors on financing through FHA/HUD, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, bridge and other institutional capital sources. He previously served as FHA commissioner and assistant secretary for housing at HUD, overseeing a $2 trillion mortgage insurance portfolio.

    View all posts

More Headlines

Top Dollar Volume

Top FHA Volume

Top HELOC Volume

Most Loans Closed

Top Mortgage Brokers

Top Non-QM Volume

Top Purchase Volume

Top Refinance Volume

Top USDA Volume

Top VA Volume

Top Veteran Originators

Top Jumbo Originators

Top Women Originators

Top Overall

Top Wholesale

Top Retail

Top Non-QM

Top FHA

Top VA

Top Correspondent

Sign in to Scotsman Guide PRO

Kurt Brandly | 36

Greenside Capital

Florida

11 years in business

President of Greenside Capital, a top boutique brokerage specializing in investor financing. Former top producer and leader at Rocket Mortgage who helped redevelop multiple client-facing roles, partnered with Morgan Stanley and American Express, and earned dual master’s degrees in Business and Finance while working full-time. Kurt is redefining the client experience around homeownership, wealth building, and financial literacy.

James Burton | 39

Southern Trust Mortgage

South Carolina

4 years in business

James Burton is a South Carolina mortgage loan officer known for Lending the Lowcountry. With over four years of experience and a proud family legacy in mortgage lending, James became a top producer early in his career. A Citadel graduate and avid outdoorsman, he’s recognized for his relentless dedication, five-star service, and commitment to being his clients’ lender for life.

Nate Clear | 36

FirstFunding Inc

Texas

15 years in business

Nate Clear, President of FirstFunding, is transforming warehouse lending through innovation and disciplined execution. He has doubled monthly fundings, tripled sales, and launched new onboarding, training, and client service programs that improved efficiency, responsiveness, and client experience. Clear’s leadership drives agility, inclusion, and sustainable growth-fueling record performance.

JD Cutri | 34

Plaza Home Mortgage

California

11 years in business

JD Cutri is the VP of Non-Delegated Lending for Plaza Home Mortgage, where he is responsible for driving growth and expanding Plaza’s Non-Delegated Correspondent production nationwide. Throughout his career, Cutri has been recognized for his leadership and performance, earlier as Co-Founder of Plaza’s Young Mortgage Professionals Association and more recently earning Plaza’s Select Circle Award and ranking as one of the company’s top producers.

Jessica Davolio | 35

Leader Bank

Massachusetts

6 years in business

Jess is a client advocate. She works through complicated and difficult deals with an unmatched tenacity. Her clients are consistently amazed by her consistent efforts to put them in the best financial position. In her first year with Leader Bank she grew her production volume by 90% to over $25 million and is set for even greater heights in 2026. She’s active in local mom’s groups, a golfer, and she never shies away from trying something new!

Nick DeJesus | 38

Planet Home Lending

Pennsylvania

9 years in business

As a producing branch manager, DeJesus stands out for leadership, drive, and consistently exceptional results. Since opening Planet’s Bethlehem, PA branch in 2022, he’s built a high-performing team focused on affordability, personalized guidance, and lifelong relationships. A NAHREP and Planet President’s Club Top Originator, he also supports local animal shelters, helping families and pets alike find their forever homes.

Connor Donovan | 26

Park Place Finance

Texas

4 years in business

Connor Donovan serves as Chief Revenue Officer at Park Place Finance, leading the sales team and managing lending operations nationwide. With his experience in mortgage and financial services, he drives revenue growth, builds strategic partnerships, and leads high-performing sales teams through expert leadership and industry insight.

Thomas Evans | 31

Acadia Lending Group

Maine

8 years in business

Tom Evans combines industry expertise with genuine enthusiasm for helping people reach their homeownership goals. He works with everyone from first-time buyers to seasoned investors and those seeking second homes in Vacationland. Known for his quick thinking, strong problem-solving skills, and client-first approach, Tom delivers thoughtful lending solutions designed to fit every borrower’s needs.

Alec Finn | 33

American Heritage Lending

Illinois

6 years in business

Alec Finn is a Producing Sales Manager at American Heritage Lending, helping real estate and mortgage professionals grow their referral networks and expand their Non-QM business. Based in Chicago, he drives Midwest market growth through creative lending solutions, strong partnerships, and a results-driven approach that reflects AHL’s mission to redefine Non-QM lending nationwide.

Chania Ford | 28

Groundfloor Lending

Georgia

1 year in business

Chania Ford is a Business Development Manager at Groundfloor Lending. A first-generation Caribbean-American from New York City, she transitioned from product development to real estate finance, quickly excelling in investor relations. Known for her confidence and relationship-building skills, she’s a trusted partner to both new and experienced investors.

Daniel Halvorsen | 36

LoanPeople

Florida

14 years in business

Daniel is a Scotsman Guide Top Originator and 40 Under 40 winner. Through a referral-driven approach, he has personally funded over $1 billion in volume. Halvorsen is Northeast Florida’s #1 retail originator (CoreLogic) and a leading originator for loans utilizing Florida Housing Corp. DPA programs. He champions accessible homeownership, enjoys guitar and family time, and supports Clarke Schools For Hearing & Speech and Wolfson Children’s Hospital.

Travis Harris | 36

Southern Trust Mortgage

Virginia

13 years in business

A James Madison University graduate who began his career in mortgage marketing, Travis Harris has spent over a decade redefining community service through lending. Since 2012, he’s helped hundreds of Hampton Roads families achieve homeownership through creativity, education, and strong builder and Realtor partnerships. Known for his sharp mind and local heart, Travis builds lasting relationships through exceptional service.

Brent Hoffman | 36

PRMG

Ohio

14 years in business

Brent Hoffman made a bold move to give clients and partners the best. For nine years at PRMG, he’s built success on transparency, efficiency, and genuine care. As a Branch Manager and President’s Cabinet member, he delivers competitive loans with fast approvals and smooth closings. His independent structure ensures personalized service, and his passion shines through in every transaction.

Kyle Johnson | 32

CrossCountry Mortgage

Washington State

10 years in business

Kyle Johnson is a nationally ranked Branch Manager and Mortgage Advisor with CrossCountry Mortgage, leading a top-performing team based in Lacey, WA. Helping families across the country, he’s guided over 2,000 families nationwide with a concierge-level approach rooted in clarity, care, and expertise, specializing in VA loans and relocations for military families.

Peter Jose | 35

PRMG

Maine

10 years in business

Peter Jose is a dynamic Branch Manager with a finance degree and a passion for helping people achieve homeownership. Known for his professionalism, enthusiasm, and creative problem-solving, he ensures borrowers feel informed and supported. A member of PRMG’s President’s Cabinet, he brings energy, expertise, and genuine care to every loan.

Victoria Kammer | 38

CrossCountry Mortgage

Pennsylvania

15 years in business

Victoria Kammer is an Originating Branch Manager at CrossCountry Mortgage, specializing in first-time homebuyers, jumbo loans, non-QM loans, purchase, and refinance. With a passion for the mortgage industry, Victoria has dedicated the past 15 years to supporting clients through the loan process and helping them find the home of their dreams. She recently earned recognition on Scotsman Guide’s 2025 Top Originators list. Victoria is a graduate of Lafayette College and resides in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Ryan Kearns | 37

Kearns Mortgage Team, LLC

Florida

4 years in business

In just four years, Ryan Kearns has grown Kearns Mortgage Team from a solo start into a six-member brokerage known for client-first service and steady year-over-year growth despite challenging market environments. By blending education with technology, he creates clarity and confidence for families navigating the mortgage process. He serves on Hillsborough County’s Affordable Housing Advisory Board, shaping initiatives that expand opportunity.

Abdel Khawatmi | 35

PRMG

New Jersey

7 years in business

Abdel Khawatmi is the Branch Manager at PRMG & a President’s Cabinet Member recognized among the nation’s top 1% mortgage originator. A visionary leader known for scaling teams through technology, automation, and culture, he’s redefined what modern lending looks like. From national stages to mastermind events, Abdel empowers loan officers to systemize success, serve with impact, and build sustainable growth through innovation reshaping the modern

Eric Krattenstein | 37

American Heritage Lending

New Jersey

10 years in business

Eric Krattenstein is the Managing Director of American Heritage Lending, leading national sales, marketing, and growth for one of the nation’s premier Non-QM and private lenders. With over a decade of executive experience in real estate finance, he drives scalable growth through data-driven strategy, innovation, and leadership that continues to redefine Non-QM lending nationwide.

Erica LaCentra | 35

RCN Capital

Connecticut

13 years in business

Erica LaCentra, CMO at RCN Capital, has transformed the brand into a national leader. Her fearless leadership, strategic vision, and mentorship drive award-winning campaigns and industry innovation. Honored by MPA, NMP and more, she’s earned widespread recognition for her impact, with multiple industry accolades celebrating her innovation and influence. Erica is a trailblazer in private lending and a role model for women in marketing.

Christopher Leon | 39

CrossCountry Mortgage

Arizona

13 years in business

Chris Leon is a Regional Vice President and Originating Branch Manager at CrossCountry Mortgage. Based in Sierra Vista, Arizona, Chris has been recognized as a Scotsman Guide Top Originator since 2016 and as the #1 Latino Mortgage Originator in the Southwest by National Association of Real Estate Agents. Chris is dedicated to serving his borrowers as a loan officer, bringing the dream of homeownership to members of community.

Daniel Lemeshev | 29

CrossCountry

Mortgage

New Jersey

3 years in business

Daniel Lemeshev is the SVP of Mortgage Lending at CrossCountry Mortgage, specializing in purchase, refinance, and first-time homebuyers. He has earned recognition as a Top 40 loan originator in the U.S., according to Scotsman Guide. Daniel is based in Hoboken, New Jersey.

Andy Levison | 38

Groundfloor Lending

Georgia

5 years in business

Andy Levison is the Associate Director of Retail Originations at Groundfloor Lending. Since joining in 2020, he is the company’s top producer. Fluent in Spanish, he drives growth among the company’s Spanish speaking demo. In 2025 alone, he is projected to originate more than $110 million in loan volume. In 2023, he was tasked with expanding Groundfloor’s presence in Nashville, which has since become a key growth area. He also mentors new hires.

Bryan Lovern | 37

CrossCountry Mortgage

Maryland

11 years in business

Bryan Lovern is an Originating Branch Manager at CrossCountry Mortgage. Since joining the mortgage industry in 2013, Bryan has used his years of experience as a sales manager to become an expert in FHA loans, refinances, and the local market, providing exceptional customer service to his clients. Bryan is based in Crofton, Maryland.

Rocco Mandarino | 28

Maverick Lending NYC

New Jersey

1 year in business

Rocco Mandarino, Branch Manager of Maverick Lending NYC, is one of private lending’s fastest-rising leaders. Specializing exclusively in DSCR and investor financing, he partners with top brokers, luxury SFR investors, and build-to-rent developers nationwide. Having surpassed $100M in his first year, Rocco is redefining speed, precision, and execution as the new gold standard in private lending.

Justin Margolis | 35

PRMG

Florida

13 years in business

Justin Margolis is a top 1% Originator and PRMG President’s Cabinet member known for his leadership in Non-QM lending. As VP of Non-QM Business Development and Branch Sales Manager, he drives growth, optimizes operations, and supports partners across Retail, Wholesale, and Correspondent channels. A Scotsman Guide Top Originator, Justin brings expertise, energy, and a results-driven focus to every transaction.

Tracy Mock | 37

Gateway Mortgage

Texas

10 years in business

Tracy Mock, is a Mortgage Sales Manager for Gateway Mortgage based in San Antonio with a decade of industry experience. She focuses on helping first-time buyers navigate FHA, VA, conventional, and down-payment assistance programs with straightforward guidance, proactive updates, and disciplined loan management. Tracy’s approach combines clear budgeting, realistic timelines, and consistent communication to minimize surprises and keep transactions.

Allison Moore | 27

Leader Bank

Massachusetts

3 years in business

Alli joined Leader Bank after grad-school and immediately made an impact with creative solutions for connecting with real estate agents and educating homebuyers. Alli is dedicated to developing accessible educational tools, classes, and content for young homebuyers, and to empowering her generation to get access to powerful wealth-building tools. Her impact at Leader has been instantly positive, and we’re proud to have her on the team.

Joseph Morley | 26

Park Place Finance

Texas

3 years in business

Joseph Morley is a Senior Account Executive at Park Place Finance, supporting lending operations and driving revenue growth. He specializes in building strong client relationships, developing strategic partnerships, and delivering consistent results through deep industry knowledge and proven sales expertise.

Abbie Newell | 31

American Heritage Lending

Arizona

11 years in business

Abbie Newell is a seasoned Mortgage Closer at American Heritage Lending, bringing over a decade of experience; known for her precision, communication, and care, she ensures every deal, from purchase to refinance, closes smoothly. Her expertise across FHA, VA, USDA, and state housing programs strengthens AHL’s commitment to service and excellence.

Daniel Norris | 33

American Heritage Lending

California

4 years in business

Daniel Norris is a Sr. Relationship Manager at American Heritage Lending, where he builds and maintains strong partnerships with brokers and clients nationwide. With over four years at AHL, Daniel is known for his responsiveness, attention to detail, and commitment to delivering the speed and service that define Non-QM lending redefined.

Phi Nguyen | 30

American Heritage Lending

California

5 years in business

Phi Nguyen is a Senior Loan Processor at American Heritage Lending, bringing over four years of Non-QM experience and a unique background in education. Her strong communication and problem-solving skills help guide clients through each step with care and precision. Known for her balance, empathy, and dedication, Phi embodies AHL’s people-first approach to lending.

Kylie Raffi | 28

Southern Trust Mortgage

Virginia

6 years in business

A top-producing loan officer with six years of experience at Southern Trust Mortgage, Kylie Raffi is dedicated to helping Hampton Roads families achieve homeownership. In 2024, she earned the Virginia Housing Bronze Award for assisting 23 families and securing $380,000 in grants, a testament to her commitment to affordable lending, community impact, and unwavering dedication as a trusted advocate for her clients and partners.

Brandon Reilly | 30

Southern Trust Mortgage

Virginia

8 years in business

A Hampden-Sydney College graduate with a background in construction and eight years of mortgage experience, Brandon Reilly is a trusted leader in Richmond, VA. Specializing in first-time, jumbo, and construction loans, he guides clients with patience and expertise. Brandon’s consultative style and community focus reflect his belief that every client deserves personalized care and attention.

Lauren Robert | 35

Leader Bank

Massachusetts

5 years in business

In 2023, Lauren helped launch Leader Bank’s Cape Cod Mortgage Office and has spent the time since helping to build the Leader Cape Team from the #11 to the #2 Purchase Lender in the area. Her personal expertise and experience has seen her own volume rise over 40% to $40 million and counting in 2025. In the last few years she has successfully built her own business, helped build a whole new loan office, and raise 3 children. She is a rock star!
 

Charles Ryan | 35

PRMG

Georgia

13 years in business

Charles Ryan is a top-producing Account Executive celebrated for his unwavering dedication, professionalism, and passion for helping clients succeed. With multiple 5-star reviews, Charles has earned a reputation for delivering exceptional service, clear and confident communication, and personalized lending solutions tailored to each client’s unique goals.
 

Jordan Saceda | 38

E Mortgage Capital

California

8 years in business

Born in Juneau, Alaska, Jordan Saceda learned early that smart financial decisions matter more than income. After moving to California, he found his calling in mortgages-helping families and investors navigate real estate with clarity. Jordan treats every client like family because he knows what’s at stake when financing a home.

Andres Saias | 32

RBI Private Lending

Florida

15 years in business

Andres Saias, Chief Lending Officer & founding Board Member at RBI Private Lending, is a seasoned real estate finance expert in real estate investment finance. With degrees from Georgetown (M.S. Real Estate) & Boston U, he’s driven RBI’s growth since 2015.

Milad Shamoun | 29

Loan Goat

California

4 years in business

Milad Shamoun, Founder of Loan Goat, is a dominant force in California’s real estate finance world. A former U.S. Marine Sergeant, he transformed military precision into business excellence. Today, he stands as one of the top residential & commercial hard money lenders in the state. Known for creative marketing, funding large loans, deep market expertise, & relentless drive, Milad has made Loan Goat a gold standard in trust, speed, & results.

Kayla Tarabay | 32

Novus Home Mortgage

Massachusetts

3 years in business

With a kind-hearted approach and strong work ethic, Kayla Tarabay guides clients through every step of the mortgage process with clarity and care. Kayla’s dedication and commitment to building her personal brand have taken her business to new heights this year. Outside of work, Kayla is a proud mom, dog lover, and fitness enthusiast who believes life should be filled with energy, purpose, and a little fun.

Kevin Victoria | 30

CV3 Financial Services

Arizona

7 years in business

In 7 years, Kevin has risen from Sales Associate to VP of Sales. He led his team of 11 originators to break company records, funding $800M/1,500 units in 2 years. A transformative leader with exceptional sales acumen and relentless work ethic, Kevin’s impact reaches far beyond his own production of $100M+. Balancing scale with personalized service, he has built systems, launched initiatives and solidified partnerships to drive enduring success.

Chaim Weiser | 30

The Leopard Group

New York

6 years in business

Chaim Weiser, Loan Officer at The Leopard Group, is rapidly earning recognition in the mortgage industry. Specializing in QM, Non-QM, bridge, HELOC, and commercial financing, he is known for precision, responsiveness, and strategic deal structuring. With strong relationships and a results-driven approach, Chaim delivers high-impact solutions and stands out as a true Top Emerging Star.

Julia Willetts | 27

Merchants Mortgage

Colorado

9 years in business

Julia Willetts began her career at Merchants in 2016 and has since earned two promotions, now serving as Vice President of Loan Originations. Over the past year, she has funded more than $108M in loans across 15 states, helping real estate investors finance both rehab and new construction projects, while leading a team of loan originators that deliver exceptional service from start to finish.

Matthew Ziegert | 35

CrossCountry Mortgage

New Jersey

9 years in business

Matthew Ziegert is a Divisional Sales Manager at CrossCountry Mortgage specializing in purchase and refinance. He built his business around helping clients achieve homeownership by finding the ideal loan for their unique circumstances. Matthew has ranked in the top 1% of loan officers nationwide for the last eight years. He resides in Rockaway, New Jersey, with his wife and children. 

Julian Zimmerman | 29

Groundfloor Lending

Kansas

6 years in business

Julian Zimmerman is the Director of Lending Operations at Groundfloor, where she has transformed the company’s lending infrastructure and operational efficiency since joining as a processor in 2020. In 2023, she built Groundfloor’s Loan Origination System and Borrower Portal from the ground up, doubling originations and improving compliance. In 2024, she launched the servicing platform, unifying and modernizing the borrower experience.
error: Content is protected !!

✓ You're all set!

Your account has been successfully claimed!
You’re now logged in and ready to go.

We found an account with this email.
Please log in or reset your password to continue.